CHAP 15 THE FERMENT OF REFORM AND CULTURE
REVIVING RELIGION
*Rationalist ideas overpowered Calvinist customs ie Thomas Paines book The Age of Reason 1974 say that all church buildinges were set up to enslave mankind and monopolize power and profit
*Anticlericalism was rare however many Founding Fathers embraced the deism doctrines that relied on reason rather than religion and rejected the concept of original sin and Christs divinity. deists believed in a Supreme organism who had created the universe and endowed humans with a soul
*Deism swear out inspire the Unitarian faith. They believed that god existed in only 1 person. Not the holy ghost etc. they denied the deity of savior and stressed that man was truly good and believed in scanty will, the possibility of salvation thru good works. The Unitarian movement generally appealed to intellectuals whose rationalism and optimism contrasted w/ hellfire doctrines of Calvinism
*Second Great awakening: reaction against reason b4 religion. This resulted in the end for old churches and the social system for new ones. New sects were produced. It encouraged evangelicalism which caused several reforms such as the temperance, the womens movement etc
*It was spread thru mass camp meetings on the frontier. These revivals boosted church membership and stimulated a variety of humanitarian reforms.
*Methodists and Baptists gained the close converters. Both sects stressed personal conversion contrary 2 predestination
*Peter Cartwright: 1752-1872 converted thousands, he was ruff punched rowdies who tried to return up his meetings.
*Charles Grandison Finney: greatest revival preacher he was proficient as a lawyer.
He led revivals in Rochester and NYC in 1830 and 1831. he devised the anxious bench this is where sinners could sit in lavish view of the congregation and he encouraged women to pray clamorously in public. he promised a perfect Christian nation on earth and denounced...
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