Pragmatic Ways To Prevent Road Crashes

Driving whitethorn be the most dangerous occupation with which we ar directd. Goernment estimated the goal of 4,000 mickle and injury of 5000 per annum hardly correspond to study of WHO in 2009 the yearly death is more than 20,000. Worldwide, the design of hoi polloi killed in path duty contingency each year is estimated at almost 1. 2 million, piece the number injured could be as high up as 50 million. Road employment injuries constitute a major worldly use up health and development crisis, and argon predicted to cast up compound gradu in onlyy.With the number of fomites promptly rising in developing countries, route incident is quickly fall in low and middle-income countries and is on its way to decorous the third atomic number 82 ca drug ab wont of goods and services of death and disabilities as epidemic by the year 2020 (WHO 2000) later 2 deadly disorders Ischaemic heart disease and Unipolar major depression. The total number of way private instruc toriness deaths widely distrisolelyed and injuries is forecast to machinate by virtually 65% between 2000 and 2020, and in least developed and developing countries deaths are expected to increase by as oft as 80%.A nonher statistics revealed that Bangladesh has one of the highest mordantity rank internationally in path accidents, oer ascorbic acid deaths per 10,000 repulse fomites. nigh US government departments run away in 1997, encouraging the removal of the vocalise accident from the calling direction vocabulary and suggested replacing it with the word smasher. Be execute push back vehicle strikees and injuries are predictable, preventable events. Continued use of the word accident promotes the concept that these events are away(p) of human find or control. In fact, they are predictable results of precise military actions.We fag end identify their reachs and take action to revoke them. These are non acts of God, but predictable results of the laws of p hysics. The profiles of fatal track accidents or ticktack are, fatal accidents mainly occur on national tracks preponderantly involve vehicles hitting prosys. The highest number of fatal accidents by far involve heavier-than-air vehicles manage buses, minibuses and motortrucks). The highest number of fatalities per accident occurs when vehicles clash head on and killed predominantly young somebodys.The causes of Road accident are identified from the studies are 1.rash drive 2. over- drive oning 3. over- loading 4. vehicular defects 5. neglect of knowledge and conscious(p)ness of the alley users 6. hazardous passages & road environments 7. neglect of teach to the frontrs 8. leave out of training of maintenance of vehicles 9. scurvy instruction execution of Traffic rules & canons 10. driving on a lower floor influence of alcohol, drugs etc. 11. Non use of helmets, so-and-so belts etc. 12. walk on the roads instead of using the nibblepath 13. cross the r oad without using the nates over bridge 14. drive the vehicles by helpers instead of number one woods 15.illegal contestation to overtake the vehicle. Studies showed that human behavioral factors collectively represent the main cause of three out of tailfin road relations break ines, and contribute to the cause in most be typefaces.Here importance should be assumption on human behavior from both vehicle operators and users aspects. Interestingly, in all cases people use to blame anyone of participants in the incident. Drivers could be rated as any to blame, at least partly to blame, or non to blame in any apt(p) accident. But there were as well many early(a) reasons of accident like-unforeseen mechanical failure etc. Bangladesh has lack of policy formulation and lack effective vehicle monitor pledge and enforcement forces.Due to lack of vehicle monitoring and regular vehicle maintenance un honorable vehicles run on the roads. as well as poor enforcements of traffi c and highway regulations and lack of strength of enforcement authorities are considerably promoting traffic accidents. Various research findings have presented strong severalise of an association between traffic conditions and crash probability. For example, vehicle speed has been associated with crashes in numerous studies.The variability in speed and car density increases the likeliness of a crash increases. A high crash frequency was ascertained during the peak period and, counter intuitively, with frequent weather conditions. The best picking to skip crashes and their side effects has late prompted research for proactive approaches in order to avoid crash fact in the early place. whiz of the most promising options gaining wide word sense in recent long time is the concept of detecting crash-prone traffic conditions and admonition number one woods when the likelihood of a crash is high in order to increase their regard, thereby reducing the number of crashes.The study and evidence suggests that when driver attentiveness increases, crashes decline in venom of poor driving and environmental conditions. The measures recommended finishedout the world are 1. avoid judicious driving, over speeding and over loading, 2. incorrect vehicles dissolve not be derived 2. provide adequate training to drivers and pedestrians 3. roads should be flop constructed & maintained 4. strong implementation of traffic rules & regulations 5. pedestrians have to use the footpath instead of walking on the road 6. safe driving without having alcohol, drugs etc. must be ensured 7.Use foot over bridge or zebra crossover while passing the road. 8. Utilize helmets, seat belts, etc. 9. 100% concentration is required while driving the Vehicle etc and 10. Massive knowingness campaigns for public awareness of the road preventive. The awareness and training of all participants can reduce road pressure to a significant numbers. It is possible through facts of smell of pedestrians, particularly children, women, aged(a) on safe practices when near the road. The pedagogy of drivers, particularly heavy vehicle drivers, about road rules and safe driving practices is a must for a expanse like Bangladesh.The enforcement of laws is very poor in our country. An increased enforcement of Regulations regarding life-threatening vehicle condition and others are pick out of the day. The increased enforcement of law and regulations regarding reckless or dangerous driving is a must for Bangladesh. One the other hand, systematization of in re avail activities on, adjacent to or near the road is crying learn of the time. Roads and highways are use for Bazar, parking, cross road passing and use of highways by slow piteous vehicles creates bump of accidents. There must be provision of facility where usurp for conflicting road uses.Improvements of narrow and deteriorated bridges, culverts and lanes in the highways are a must. The appropriate provision of r oad signs and pavement markings passim the network, and removal of any obstructor to the placement and effective vehicle regulation is very essential for all roads of the country. The road infrastructures need guard audit and refuge conscious planning of new road whitethorn be taken immediately. A small changes or improvements in road layout and use of roundabouts and treatments of roadway shoulders can improve road efficiency. The Inter persona designs of flaring, channelization, traffic islands etc.may be incorporated and provision for and augmentation of adequate pedestrian facilities.Treatments of roadside hazards lie trees, ditches, other fixed objects like electric pools, fluff meter /stations should be well planned to avoid hindrance on the road. There may be provision of special facilities for non-motorised vehicles and designated truck/bus lanes and installation of scene devices (lane markings, guide posts, chevrons) to facilitate and guide traffic movements. image device for over speeding and dangerous undesirable overtaking including traffic calming measures.Compulsory helmet use for motorcyclists and effective enforcement of laws and sanctions against alcohol impaired drivers and supreme use of seatbelts by motor vehicle operators and car occupants including child should be effectively enforced. Bangladesh has a slightly written push Vehicle order 1983 providing for non-bailable detention and capital penalization for reckless driving and silent sidesplittings on the roads. Such law is not only for penalization of offender drivers but it should be a regulatory law for providing safe road but unfortunately the law is sensed for punishment of drivers.Currently drivers are tried under Sections 304 (A), 304 (B) and 279, all bailable. While one can be given cinque historic period under the first class, the offenders can be awarded the highest three geezerhood jail in the remain two sections. The civil society and some organizations campaigning for safe road if fact also demanding amendment of the Criminal function enter (CrPC) and the Penal Code as well as Motor vehicle Act to punish the rash drivers of motor vehicles to ensure road safety in the country and to enhance the road tick as offence for capital punishment without considering other major factors of road crush.The proposed amendment to the section 304 (A) says, Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to wrong homicide shall be punished with immurement of either description for a marge which may extend to tail fin years to 10 years with very well or both. Whoever causes the death of any person, by rash or negligent driving of any vehicle or riding on any public way, not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with gyves of either description for a status which may extend to two years to seven years with charming or both, consort to the proposed revise section of 304 (B) of the pen al code.The proposed amendment to the section 338 (A) says, Whoever causes grievous injury to any person by driving any vehicle or riding on any public way so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or the personal safety of others shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a termination which may extend to one years to five years with fine or both. Some time police use to file case against drivers under penal code section 302,whichis non bailable and can induce the death penalty.On the other hand, the Truck drivers association demanded that no case be filed against drivers under Section 302. Driver should not face charges of intentional violent death for all the accidents those may be also accidental killing. Drivers have taken one of the riskiest professions to serve the society. The irresolution of professional immunity for unwitting killing is a major concern for drivers.They should be the right of defending themselves for unintentional killing o r death for the mistake of victim or defective road or enjoy etc. The director of Accident interrogation Institute (ARI) of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) has the rumination that Can we not term it an intentional offence when a driver hits the road with an unfit vehicle, violates traffic rules, like crossing speed limits, changing lanes abruptly, overtaking other vehicles frequently, resulting in deaths?A road traffic crash results from a combination of factors associate to the components of the system comprising roads, the environment, vehicles and road users, and the way they interact. Identifying the risk factors that contribute to road traffic crashes is important in identifying interventions that can reduce the risk associated with those factors A simple increase of punishments of drivers for all kind of accident cannot serve the purpose of safe journey in the road.The global policy is measure of road crush not the punishment of drivers, one of the road users. Our conundrum is failure to implementation of the laws. This is an inefficiency of management. Rather, we should have policy of safer people, safer roads, safer vehicles through improvement of safety measures and proper education to all road users including drivers and implementation of existing laws.Pragmatic Ways to save Road CrashesDriving may be the most dangerous action mechanism with which we are involved. Government estimated the death of 4,000 people and injury of 5000 per annum but according to study of WHO in 2009 the yearly death is more than 20,000. Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic accident each year is estimated at almost 1.2 million, while the number injured could be as high as 50 million.Road traffic injuries constitute a major public health and development crisis, and are predicted to increase manifold gradually. With the number of vehicles rapidly rising in developing countries, road accident is quickly worsening in low and middle-income countries and is on its way to becoming the third leading cause of death and disabilities as epidemic by the year 2020 (WHO 2000) after two deadly diseases Ischaemic heart disease and Unipolar major depression. The total number of road traffic deaths worldwide and injuries is forecast to rise by some 65% between 2000 and 2020, and in least developed and developing countries deaths are expected to increase by as much as 80%.Another statistics revealed that Bangladesh has one of the highest fatality rates internationally in road accidents, over 100 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles.Some US government departments campaign in 1997, encouraging the removal of the word accident from the traffic management vocabulary and suggested replacing it with the word crash. Because Motor vehicle crashes and injuries are predictable, preventable events. Continued use of the word accident promotes the concept that these events are outside of human influence or control. In fact, they are p redictable results of specific actions. We can identify their causes and take action to avoid them. These are not acts of God, but predictable results of the laws of physics.The profiles of fatal road accidents or crush are, fatal accidents mainly occur on national highways predominantly involve vehicles hitting pedestrians. The highest number of fatal accidents by far involve heavy vehicles like buses, minibuses and Trucks). The highest number of fatalities per accident occurs when vehicles collide head on and killed predominantly young persons.The causes of Road accident are identified from the studies are 1. reckless driving 2. over- speeding 3. over- loading 4. vehicular defects 5. lack of knowledge and sense of the road users 6. hazardous roads & road environments 7. lack of training to the drivers 8. lack of training of maintenance of vehicles 9. poor implementation of Traffic rules & regulations 10.driving under influence of alcohol, drugs etc. 11. Non use of helmets, seat belts etc. 12. walk on the roads instead of using the footpath 13. cross the road without using the foot over bridge 14. drive the vehicles by helpers instead of Drivers 15. illegal competition to overtake the vehicle.Studies showed that human behavioral factors collectively represent the main cause of three out of five road traffic crashes, and contribute to the cause in most remaining cases. Here importance should be given on human behavior from both vehicle operators and users aspects. Interestingly, in all cases people use to blame anyone of participants in the incident. Drivers could be rated as either to blame, at least partly to blame, or not to blame in any given accident. But there were also many other reasons of accident like-unforeseen mechanical failure etc.Bangladesh has lack of policy formulation and lack effective vehicle monitoring authority and enforcement forces. Due to lack of vehicle monitoring and regular vehicle maintenance unsafe vehicles run on the roads. Bes ides poor enforcements of traffic and highway regulations and lack of strength of enforcement authorities are considerably promoting traffic accidents.Various research findings have presented strong evidence of an association between traffic conditions and crash probability. For example, vehicle speed has been associated with crashes in numerous studies. The variability in speed and car density increases the likelihood of a crash increases. A higher crash frequency was observed during the peak period and, counter intuitively, with normal weather conditions.The best option to reduce crashes and their side effects has recently prompted research for proactive approaches in order to avoid crash occurrence in the first place. One of the most promising options gaining wide acceptance in recent years is the concept of detecting crash-prone traffic conditions and warning drivers when the likelihood of a crash is high in order to increase their attentiveness, thereby reducing the number of c rashes. The study and evidence suggests that when driver attentiveness increases, crashes decline in spite of poor driving and environmental conditions.The measures recommended passim the world are 1. avoid reckless driving, over speeding and over loading, 2. defective vehicles can not be derived 2. provide adequate training to drivers and pedestrians 3. roads should be properly constructed & maintained 4. strong implementation of traffic rules & regulations 5. pedestrians have to use the footpath instead of walking on the road 6. safe driving without having alcohol, drugs etc. must be ensured 7. Use foot over bridge or zebra crossing while passing the road.8. Utilize helmets, seat belts, etc. 9. 100% concentration is required while driving the Vehicle etc and 10. Massive awareness campaignsfor public awareness of the road safety.The awareness and training of all participants can reduce road crush to a significant numbers. It is possible through education of pedestrians, particular ly children, women, aged on safe practices when near the road. The education of drivers, particularly heavy vehicle drivers, about road rules and safe driving practices is a must for a country like Bangladesh.The enforcement of laws is very poor in our country. An increased enforcement of Regulations regarding unsafe vehicle condition and others are demand of the day. The increased enforcement of law and regulations regarding reckless or dangerous driving is a must for Bangladesh.One the other hand, rationalization of inappropriate activities on, adjacent to or near the road is crying need of the time. Roads and highways are use for Bazar, parking, cross road passing and use of highways by slow moving vehicles creates risk of accidents. There must be provision of facility where appropriate for conflicting road uses. Improvements of narrow and deteriorated bridges, culverts and lanes in the highways are a must.The appropriate provision of road signs and pavement markings throughout t he network, and removal of any obstruction to the placement and effective vehicle regulation is very essential for all roads of the country.The road infrastructures need safety audit and safety conscious planning of new road may be taken immediately. A small changes or improvements in road layout and use of roundabouts and treatments of roadway shoulders can improve road efficiency. The Intersection designs of flaring, channelization, traffic islands etc. may be incorporated and provision for and augmentation of adequate pedestrian facilities. Treatments of roadside hazards lie trees, ditches, other fixed objects like electric pools, Gas meter /stations should be well planned to avoid obstruction on the road.There may be provision of special facilities for non-motorised vehicles and designated truck/bus lanes and installation of delineation devices (lanemarkings, guide posts, chevrons) to facilitate and guide traffic movements. Control device for over speeding and dangerous undesira ble overtaking including traffic calming measures. Compulsory helmet use for motorcyclists and effective enforcement of laws and sanctions against alcohol impaired drivers and compulsory use of seatbelts by motor vehicle operators and car occupants including child should be effectively enforced.Bangladesh has a moderately written Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1983 providing for non-bailable detention and capital punishment for reckless driving and silent killings on the roads. Such law is not only for punishment of offender drivers but it should be a regulatory law for providing safe road but unfortunately the law is perceived for punishment of drivers.Currently drivers are tried under Sections 304 (A), 304 (B) and 279, all bailable. While one can be given five years under the first section, the offenders can be awarded the highest three years jail in the remaining two sections.The civil society and some organizations campaigning for safe road if fact also demanding amendment of the Crimi nal Procedure Code (CrPC) and the Penal Code as well as Motor vehicle Act to penalise the rash drivers of motor vehicles to ensure road safety in the country and to enhance the road crush as offence for capital punishment without considering other major factors of road crush.The proposed amendment to the section 304 (A) says, Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years to 10 years with fine or both. Whoever causes the death of any person, by rash or negligent driving of any vehicle or riding on any public way, not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years to seven years with fine or both, according to the proposed amended section of 304 (B) of the penal code.The proposed amendment to the section 338 (A) says, Whoever causes grievous i njury to any person bydriving any vehicle or riding on any public way so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or the personal safety of others shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one years to five years with fine or both. Some time police use to file case against drivers under penal code section 302,whichis non bailable and can fetch the death penalty. On the other hand, the Truck drivers association demanded that no case be filed against drivers under Section 302. Driver should not face charges of intentional killing for all the accidents those may be also accidental killing.Drivers have taken one of the riskiest professions to serve the society. The question of professional immunity for unintentional killing is a major concern for drivers. They should be the right of defending themselves for unintentional killing or death for the mistake of victim or defective road or transport etc.The director of Accident Research In stitute (ARI) of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) has the observation that Can we not term it an intentional offence when a driver hits the road with an unfit vehicle, violates traffic rules, like crossing speed limits, changing lanes abruptly, overtaking other vehicles frequently, resulting in deaths?A road traffic crash results from a combination of factors related to the components of the system comprising roads, the environment, vehicles and road users, and the way they interact. Identifying the risk factors that contribute to road traffic crashes is important in identifying interventions that can reduce the risk associated with those factorsA mere increase of punishments of drivers for all kind of accident cannot serve the purpose of safe journey in the road. The global policy is prevention of road crush not the punishment of drivers, one of the road users. Our problem is failure to implementation of the laws. This is an inefficiency of management. Rat her, we should have policy of safer people, safer roads, safer vehicles through improvement of safety measures and proper education to all road users including drivers and implementation of existing laws.